KOMUNIKASI BENCANA DAN KETIMPANGAN INFORMASI: ANALISIS KRITIS KOORDINASI ANTARLEMBAGA DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Ahmad Syarif; Kamsar Kamsar

doi:10.52423/jikuho.v11i2.2032

Authors

Ahmad Syarif Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Kamsar Kamsar Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52423/jikuho.v11i2.2032

Keywords:

BPBD, Ketimpangan Informasi, Komunikasi Bencana, Koordinasi Pemerintah, Kota Makassar

Abstract

Kota Makassar menghadapi risiko bencana majemuk yang menuntut komunikasi risiko dan krisis konsisten dalam struktur pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara kritis bagaimana koordinasi pemerintahan kota melalui Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) membentuk komunikasi bencana dan memunculkan ketimpangan informasi publik. Studi ini menggunakan desain kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka dan analisis dokumen sepuluh tahun terakhir dari basis data bereputasi serta dokumen kebijakan daerah. Melalui pendekatan ini, penelitian memetakan hubungan antara tata kelola kelembagaan dan efektivitas distribusi informasi di tengah masyarakat perkotaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas komunikasi bencana ditentukan oleh tiga simpul koordinasi utama; integrasi data, keseragaman pesan, dan alur diseminasi informasi. Ketimpangan informasi muncul ketika simpul-simpul tersebut tidak selaras dalam sistem komando, ditandai oleh fragmentasi data, perbedaan indikator, ketiadaan standardisasi instruksi tindakan, serta lemahnya pembaruan situasi (situational update). Ketidaksinkronan ini berdampak pada kesiapsiagaan yang tidak merata, instruksi evakuasi tidak spesifik wilayah (area-specific), hingga bias dalam prioritas distribusi bantuan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa komunikasi bencana merupakan refleksi langsung dari kualitas koordinasi birokrasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan tata kelola melalui BPBD dengan menetapkan rujukan data bersama serta menyepakati indikator dan ambang peringatan lintas instansi. Diperlukan pula penerapan templat pesan berorientasi tindakan yang spesifik wilayah guna menjangkau karakter permukiman yang beragam. Pembentukan Prosedur Operasional Standar (SOP) pembaruan situasi yang konsisten menjadi prasyarat mutlak untuk menekan ketimpangan informasi dan meningkatkan keselamatan publik. Penguatan fungsi komando informasi diharapkan dapat menjamin hak warga atas informasi bencana yang akurat dan inklusif.

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